인류의 마지막 시험: AI의 한계를 넘어서


본 기사는 170명 이상의 연구자들이 개발한 새로운 AI 벤치마크 '인류의 마지막 시험(HLE)'에 대해 소개합니다. HLE는 기존 벤치마크의 한계를 뛰어넘어 최첨단 LLM의 능력을 정확히 평가하고, AI 기술의 발전 방향을 제시하는 데 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대됩니다.

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최근 급속한 발전을 거듭하는 대규모 언어 모델(LLM)의 능력을 측정하는 벤치마크의 중요성이 날로 커지고 있습니다. 하지만 기존의 벤치마크들은 그 어려움을 따라가지 못하고 있습니다. LLM들은 MMLU와 같은 인기 벤치마크에서 이미 90% 이상의 정확도를 달성하여, 최첨단 LLM의 실제 능력을 제대로 측정하는 데 어려움을 겪고 있는 것이 현실입니다.

이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, Long Phan 등 170명 이상의 연구자들은 '인류의 마지막 시험(Humanity's Last Exam, HLE)'이라는 새로운 벤치마크를 개발했습니다. HLE는 인간 지식의 최첨단에 도달한 다중 모달 벤치마크로, 광범위한 주제를 다루는 마지막 폐쇄형 학문적 벤치마크가 될 것으로 기대되고 있습니다.

HLE는 수학, 인문학, 자연과학 등 수십 개의 분야에 걸쳐 3000개의 질문으로 구성됩니다. 각 질문은 모호하지 않고 쉽게 검증 가능한 정답을 가지고 있지만, 인터넷 검색으로는 빠르게 답을 찾을 수 없습니다. 전 세계의 해당 분야 전문가들이 참여하여 개발되었으며, 자동 채점이 가능하도록 객관식과 단답형 질문으로 구성되어 있습니다.

흥미로운 점은, 최첨단 LLM조차 HLE에서 낮은 정확도와 보정을 보였다는 점입니다. 이는 현재 LLM의 능력과 폐쇄형 학문적 질문에 대한 인간 전문가의 수준 사이에 상당한 격차가 존재함을 시사합니다.

연구자들은 AI 모델의 능력에 대한 명확한 이해를 바탕으로 연구와 정책 결정을 지원하기 위해 HLE를 https://lastexam.ai에서 공개했습니다. HLE는 단순한 벤치마크를 넘어, AI 기술의 현주소와 미래 발전 방향을 가늠하는 중요한 이정표가 될 것으로 예상됩니다. 앞으로 HLE를 통해 AI의 발전이 어떻게 이루어질지, 그리고 인간과 AI의 공존이 어떻게 가능할지에 대한 깊이 있는 논의가 필요할 것입니다. 🤔


*이 기사는 AI가 생성한 내용으로, 일부 정보가 실제와 다를 수 있습니다. 정확한 확인을 위해 추가적인 검증을 권장드립니다.

Reference

[arxiv] Humanity's Last Exam

Published:  (Updated: )

Author: Long Phan, Alice Gatti, Ziwen Han, Nathaniel Li, Josephina Hu, Hugh Zhang, Chen Bo Calvin Zhang, Mohamed Shaaban, John Ling, Sean Shi, Michael Choi, Anish Agrawal, Arnav Chopra, Adam Khoja, Ryan Kim, Richard Ren, Jason Hausenloy, Oliver Zhang, Mantas Mazeika, Tung Nguyen, Daron Anderson, Imad Ali Shah, Mikhail Doroshenko, Alun Cennyth Stokes, Mobeen Mahmood, Jaeho Lee, Oleksandr Pokutnyi, Oleg Iskra, Jessica P. Wang, Robert Gerbicz, John-Clark Levin, Serguei Popov, Fiona Feng, Steven Y. Feng, Haoran Zhao, Michael Yu, Varun Gangal, Chelsea Zou, Zihan Wang, Mstyslav Kazakov, Geoff Galgon, Johannes Schmitt, Alvaro Sanchez, Yongki Lee, Will Yeadon, Scott Sauers, Marc Roth, Chidozie Agu, Søren Riis, Fabian Giska, Saiteja Utpala, Antrell Cheatom, Zachary Giboney, Gashaw M. Goshu, Sarah-Jane Crowson, Mohinder Maheshbhai Naiya, Noah Burns, Lennart Finke, Zerui Cheng, Hyunwoo Park, Francesco Fournier-Facio, Jennifer Zampese, John Wydallis, John B. Wydallis, Ryan G. Hoerr, Mark Nandor, Tim Gehrunger, Jiaqi Cai, Ben McCarty, Jungbae Nam, Edwin Taylor, Jun Jin, Gautier Abou Loume, Hangrui Cao, Alexis C Garretson, Damien Sileo, Qiuyu Ren, Doru Cojoc, Pavel Arkhipov, Usman Qazi, Aras Bacho, Lianghui Li, Sumeet Motwani, Christian Schroeder de Witt, Alexei Kopylov, Johannes Veith, Eric Singer, Paolo Rissone, Jaehyeok Jin, Jack Wei Lun Shi, Chris G. Willcocks, Ameya Prabhu, Longke Tang, Kevin Zhou, Emily de Oliveira Santos, Andrey Pupasov Maksimov, Edward Vendrow, Kengo Zenitani, Joshua Robinson, Aleksandar Mikov, Julien Guillod, Yuqi Li, Ben Pageler, Joshua Vendrow, Vladyslav Kuchkin, Pierre Marion, Denis Efremov, Jayson Lynch, Kaiqu Liang, Andrew Gritsevskiy, Dakotah Martinez, Nick Crispino, Dimitri Zvonkine, Natanael Wildner Fraga, Saeed Soori, Ori Press, Henry Tang, Julian Salazar, Sean R. Green, Lina Brüssel, Moon Twayana, Aymeric Dieuleveut, T. Ryan Rogers, Wenjin Zhang, Ross Finocchio, Bikun Li, Jinzhou Yang, Arun Rao, Gabriel Loiseau, Mikhail Kalinin, Marco Lukas, Ciprian Manolescu, Nate Stambaugh, Subrata Mishra, Ariel Ghislain Kemogne Kamdoum, Tad Hogg, Alvin Jin, Carlo Bosio, Gongbo Sun, Brian P Coppola, Haline Heidinger, Rafael Sayous, Stefan Ivanov, Joseph M Cavanagh, Jiawei Shen, Joseph Marvin Imperial, Philippe Schwaller, Shaipranesh Senthilkuma, Andres M Bran, Andres Algaba, Brecht Verbeken, Kelsey Van den Houte, Lynn Van Der Sypt, David Noever, Lisa Schut, Ilia Sucholutsky, Evgenii Zheltonozhskii, Qiaochu Yuan, Derek Lim, Richard Stanley, Shankar Sivarajan, Tong Yang, John Maar, Julian Wykowski, Martí Oller, Jennifer Sandlin, Anmol Sahu, Cesare Giulio Ardito, Yuzheng Hu, Felipe Meneguitti Dias, Tobias Kreiman, Kaivalya Rawal, Tobias Garcia Vilchis, Yuexuan Zu, Martin Lackner, James Koppel, Jeremy Nguyen, Daniil S. Antonenko, Steffi Chern, Bingchen Zhao, Pierrot Arsene, Sergey Ivanov, Rafał Poświata, Chenguang Wang, Daofeng Li, Donato Crisostomi, Ali Dehghan, Andrea Achilleos, John Arnold Ambay, Benjamin Myklebust, Archan Sen, David Perrella, Nurdin Kaparov, Mark H Inlow, Allen Zang, Kalyan Ramakrishnan, Daniil Orel, Vladislav Poritski, Shalev Ben-David, Zachary Berger, Parker Whitfill, Michael Foster, Daniel Munro, Linh Ho, Dan Bar Hava, Aleksey Kuchkin, Robert Lauff, David Holmes, Frank Sommerhage, Anji Zhang, Richard Moat, Keith Schneider, Daniel Pyda, Zakayo Kazibwe, Mukhwinder Singh, Don Clarke, Dae Hyun Kim, Sara Fish, Veit Elser, Victor Efren Guadarrama Vilchis, Immo Klose, Christoph Demian, Ujjwala Anantheswaran, Adam Zweiger, Guglielmo Albani, Jeffery Li, Nicolas Daans, Maksim Radionov, Václav Rozhoň, Vincent Ginis, Ziqiao Ma, Christian Stump, Jacob Platnick, Volodymyr Nevirkovets, Luke Basler, Marco Piccardo, Niv Cohen, Virendra Singh, Josef Tkadlec, Paul Rosu, Alan Goldfarb, Piotr Padlewski, Stanislaw Barzowski, Kyle Montgomery, Aline Menezes, Arkil Patel, Zixuan Wang, Jamie Tucker-Foltz, Jack Stade, Declan Grabb, Tom Goertzen, Fereshteh Kazemi, Jeremiah Milbauer, Abhishek Shukla, Hossam Elgnainy, Yan Carlos Leyva Labrador, Hao He, Ling Zhang, Alan Givré, Hew Wolff, Gözdenur Demir, Muhammad Fayez Aziz, Younesse Kaddar, Ivar Ängquist, Yanxu Chen, Elliott Thornley, Robin Zhang, Jiayi Pan, Antonio Terpin, Niklas Muennighoff, Hailey Schoelkopf, Eric Zheng, Avishy Carmi, Jainam Shah, Ethan D. L. Brown, Kelin Zhu, Max Bartolo, Richard Wheeler, Andrew Ho, Shaul Barkan, Jiaqi Wang, Martin Stehberger, Egor Kretov, Peter Bradshaw, JP Heimonen, Kaustubh Sridhar, Zaki Hossain, Ido Akov, Yury Makarychev, Joanna Tam, Hieu Hoang, David M. Cunningham, Vladimir Goryachev, Demosthenes Patramanis, Michael Krause, Andrew Redenti, David Aldous, Jesyin Lai, Shannon Coleman, Jiangnan Xu, Sangwon Lee, Ilias Magoulas, Sandy Zhao, Ning Tang, Michael K. Cohen, Micah Carroll, Orr Paradise, Jan Hendrik Kirchner, Stefan Steinerberger, Maksym Ovchynnikov, Jason O. 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Nunes, Yibo Jiang, M Saiful Bari, Peyman Kassani, Zihao Wang, Behzad Ansarinejad, Yewen Sun, Stephane Durand, Guillaume Douville, Daniel Tordera, George Balabanian, Earth Anderson, Lynna Kvistad, Alejandro José Moyano, Hsiaoyun Milliron, Ahmad Sakor, Murat Eron, Isaac C. McAlister, Andrew Favre D. O., Shailesh Shah, Xiaoxiang Zhou, Firuz Kamalov, Ronald Clark, Sherwin Abdoli, Tim Santens, Harrison K Wang, Evan Chen, Alessandro Tomasiello, G. Bruno De Luca, Shi-Zhuo Looi, Vinh-Kha Le, Noam Kolt, Niels Mündler, Avi Semler, Emma Rodman, Jacob Drori, Carl J Fossum, Luk Gloor, Milind Jagota, Ronak Pradeep, Honglu Fan, Tej Shah, Jonathan Eicher, Michael Chen, Kushal Thaman, William Merrill, Moritz Firsching, Carter Harris, Stefan Ciobâcă, Jason Gross, Rohan Pandey, Ilya Gusev, Adam Jones, Shashank Agnihotri, Pavel Zhelnov, Siranut Usawasutsakorn, Mohammadreza Mofayezi, Alexander Piperski, Marc Carauleanu, David K. 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http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.14249v3