인류의 최종 시험: 인공지능의 한계를 넘어서는 도전
본 기사는 인류의 지식 수준을 평가하는 새로운 벤치마크 '인류의 최종 시험(HLE)'에 대해 소개합니다. 기존 벤치마크의 한계를 극복하고, 다양한 분야의 전문가들이 참여하여 개발된 HLE는 최첨단 AI 모델의 성능 한계를 드러내며, AI 연구 및 정책 수립에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대됩니다.

인류의 최종 시험(HLE): 인공지능의 새로운 척도
최근 급속도로 발전하는 대규모 언어 모델(LLM)의 능력을 측정하는 벤치마크의 중요성이 커지고 있습니다. 하지만 기존의 벤치마크들은 MMLU처럼 LLMs의 정확도가 90%를 넘어서는 경우가 많아, 최첨단 LLM의 능력을 제대로 평가하는 데 한계가 있었습니다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 전 세계의 전문가들이 힘을 합쳐 새로운 벤치마크, 바로 **'인류의 최종 시험(Humanity's Last Exam, HLE)'**을 개발했습니다.
HLE: 인간 지식의 경계를 탐험하는 3000개의 질문
HLE는 수학, 인문학, 자연과학 등 다양한 분야를 아우르는 3,000개의 질문으로 구성된 다중 모달 벤치마크입니다. 단순히 지식을 나열하는 것이 아니라, 인간 지식의 최전선에 있는 질문들을 통해 LLM의 진정한 능력을 평가하고자 합니다. 특히, 자동 채점이 가능하도록 객관식과 단답형 문제로 구성되어 있으며, 각 질문에는 명확하고 검증 가능한 정답이 존재하지만, 인터넷 검색만으로는 쉽게 답을 찾을 수 없도록 설계되었습니다. 이는 단순한 정보 탐색 능력이 아닌, 진정한 이해와 추론 능력을 평가하기 위한 중요한 전략입니다.
최첨단 AI도 쩔쩔매는 도전: 성능 한계 드러내다
흥미롭게도, 최첨단 LLMs조차도 HLE에서 낮은 정확도를 기록했습니다. 이는 현재 LLM의 능력이 아직 인간 전문가 수준의 종합적 이해력과 문제 해결 능력에 미치지 못함을 시사합니다. HLE는 단순한 성능 측정을 넘어, LLM 연구와 AI 정책 수립에 중요한 자료를 제공할 것입니다.
공개를 통한 협력: 미래를 위한 발걸음
HLE는 https://lastexam.ai 에서 공개되어 전 세계 연구자들이 자유롭게 활용할 수 있습니다. 이를 통해 LLM 연구의 발전은 물론, AI 기술의 윤리적, 사회적 함의에 대한 논의를 더욱 풍부하게 만들 것으로 기대됩니다. HLE는 인공지능 발전의 새로운 이정표가 될 뿐 아니라, 인간 지능과 인공지능의 관계에 대한 깊이 있는 성찰을 촉구하는 중요한 계기가 될 것입니다. 앞으로 HLE를 통해 어떤 놀라운 발견들이 이루어질지, 그리고 인류가 인공지능과 함께 만들어갈 미래가 어떤 모습일지 기대됩니다. 🎉
Reference
[arxiv] Humanity's Last Exam
Published: (Updated: )
Author: Long Phan, Alice Gatti, Ziwen Han, Nathaniel Li, Josephina Hu, Hugh Zhang, Chen Bo Calvin Zhang, Mohamed Shaaban, John Ling, Sean Shi, Michael Choi, Anish Agrawal, Arnav Chopra, Adam Khoja, Ryan Kim, Richard Ren, Jason Hausenloy, Oliver Zhang, Mantas Mazeika, Tung Nguyen, Daron Anderson, Imad Ali Shah, Mikhail Doroshenko, Alun Cennyth Stokes, Mobeen Mahmood, Jaeho Lee, Oleksandr Pokutnyi, Oleg Iskra, Jessica P. Wang, Robert Gerbicz, John-Clark Levin, Serguei Popov, Fiona Feng, Steven Y. Feng, Haoran Zhao, Michael Yu, Varun Gangal, Chelsea Zou, Zihan Wang, Mstyslav Kazakov, Geoff Galgon, Johannes Schmitt, Alvaro Sanchez, Yongki Lee, Will Yeadon, Scott Sauers, Marc Roth, Chidozie Agu, Søren Riis, Fabian Giska, Saiteja Utpala, Antrell Cheatom, Zachary Giboney, Gashaw M. Goshu, Sarah-Jane Crowson, Mohinder Maheshbhai Naiya, Noah Burns, Lennart Finke, Zerui Cheng, Hyunwoo Park, Francesco Fournier-Facio, Jennifer Zampese, John Wydallis, John B. Wydallis, Ryan G. Hoerr, Mark Nandor, Tim Gehrunger, Jiaqi Cai, Ben McCarty, Jungbae Nam, Edwin Taylor, Jun Jin, Gautier Abou Loume, Hangrui Cao, Alexis C Garretson, Damien Sileo, Qiuyu Ren, Doru Cojoc, Pavel Arkhipov, Usman Qazi, Aras Bacho, Lianghui Li, Sumeet Motwani, Christian Schroeder de Witt, Alexei Kopylov, Johannes Veith, Eric Singer, Paolo Rissone, Jaehyeok Jin, Jack Wei Lun Shi, Chris G. Willcocks, Ameya Prabhu, Longke Tang, Kevin Zhou, Emily de Oliveira Santos, Andrey Pupasov Maksimov, Edward Vendrow, Kengo Zenitani, Joshua Robinson, Aleksandar Mikov, Julien Guillod, Yuqi Li, Ben Pageler, Joshua Vendrow, Vladyslav Kuchkin, Pierre Marion, Denis Efremov, Jayson Lynch, Kaiqu Liang, Andrew Gritsevskiy, Dakotah Martinez, Nick Crispino, Dimitri Zvonkine, Natanael Wildner Fraga, Saeed Soori, Ori Press, Henry Tang, Julian Salazar, Sean R. Green, Lina Brüssel, Moon Twayana, Aymeric Dieuleveut, T. Ryan Rogers, Wenjin Zhang, Ross Finocchio, Bikun Li, Jinzhou Yang, Arun Rao, Gabriel Loiseau, Mikhail Kalinin, Marco Lukas, Ciprian Manolescu, Nate Stambaugh, Subrata Mishra, Ariel Ghislain Kemogne Kamdoum, Tad Hogg, Alvin Jin, Carlo Bosio, Gongbo Sun, Brian P Coppola, Haline Heidinger, Rafael Sayous, Stefan Ivanov, Joseph M Cavanagh, Jiawei Shen, Joseph Marvin Imperial, Philippe Schwaller, Shaipranesh Senthilkuma, Andres M Bran, Andres Algaba, Brecht Verbeken, Kelsey Van den Houte, Lynn Van Der Sypt, David Noever, Lisa Schut, Ilia Sucholutsky, Evgenii Zheltonozhskii, Qiaochu Yuan, Derek Lim, Richard Stanley, Shankar Sivarajan, Tong Yang, John Maar, Julian Wykowski, Martí Oller, Jennifer Sandlin, Anmol Sahu, Cesare Giulio Ardito, Yuzheng Hu, Felipe Meneguitti Dias, Tobias Kreiman, Kaivalya Rawal, Tobias Garcia Vilchis, Yuexuan Zu, Martin Lackner, James Koppel, Jeremy Nguyen, Daniil S. Antonenko, Steffi Chern, Bingchen Zhao, Pierrot Arsene, Sergey Ivanov, Rafał Poświata, Chenguang Wang, Daofeng Li, Donato Crisostomi, Ali Dehghan, Andrea Achilleos, John Arnold Ambay, Benjamin Myklebust, Archan Sen, David Perrella, Nurdin Kaparov, Mark H Inlow, Allen Zang, Kalyan Ramakrishnan, Daniil Orel, Vladislav Poritski, Shalev Ben-David, Zachary Berger, Parker Whitfill, Michael Foster, Daniel Munro, Linh Ho, Dan Bar Hava, Aleksey Kuchkin, Robert Lauff, David Holmes, Frank Sommerhage, Anji Zhang, Richard Moat, Keith Schneider, Daniel Pyda, Zakayo Kazibwe, Mukhwinder Singh, Don Clarke, Dae Hyun Kim, Sara Fish, Veit Elser, Victor Efren Guadarrama Vilchis, Immo Klose, Christoph Demian, Ujjwala Anantheswaran, Adam Zweiger, Guglielmo Albani, Jeffery Li, Nicolas Daans, Maksim Radionov, Václav Rozhoň, Vincent Ginis, Ziqiao Ma, Christian Stump, Jacob Platnick, Volodymyr Nevirkovets, Luke Basler, Marco Piccardo, Niv Cohen, Virendra Singh, Josef Tkadlec, Paul Rosu, Alan Goldfarb, Piotr Padlewski, Stanislaw Barzowski, Kyle Montgomery, Aline Menezes, Arkil Patel, Zixuan Wang, Jamie Tucker-Foltz, Jack Stade, Declan Grabb, Tom Goertzen, Fereshteh Kazemi, Jeremiah Milbauer, Abhishek Shukla, Hossam Elgnainy, Yan Carlos Leyva Labrador, Hao He, Ling Zhang, Alan Givré, Hew Wolff, Gözdenur Demir, Muhammad Fayez Aziz, Younesse Kaddar, Ivar Ängquist, Yanxu Chen, Elliott Thornley, Robin Zhang, Jiayi Pan, Antonio Terpin, Niklas Muennighoff, Hailey Schoelkopf, Eric Zheng, Avishy Carmi, Jainam Shah, Ethan D. 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McInnis, Pawan Kumar, Laxman Prasad Goswami, Daniel Bugas, Nasser Heydari, Ferenc Jeanplong, Archimedes Apronti, Abdallah Galal, Ng Ze-An, Ankit Singh, Joan of Arc Xavier, Kanu Priya Agarwal, Mohammed Berkani, Benedito Alves de Oliveira Junior, Dmitry Malishev, Nicolas Remy, Taylor D. Hartman, Tim Tarver, Stephen Mensah, Javier Gimenez, Roselynn Grace Montecillo, Russell Campbell, Asankhaya Sharma, Khalida Meer, Xavier Alapont, Deepakkumar Patil, Rajat Maheshwari, Abdelkader Dendane, Priti Shukla, Sergei Bogdanov, Sören Möller, Muhammad Rehan Siddiqi, Prajvi Saxena, Himanshu Gupta, Innocent Enyekwe, Ragavendran P V, Zienab EL-Wasif, Aleksandr Maksapetyan, Vivien Rossbach, Chris Harjadi, Mohsen Bahaloohoreh, Song Bian, John Lai, Justine Leon Uro, Greg Bateman, Mohamed Sayed, Ahmed Menshawy, Darling Duclosel, Yashaswini Jain, Ashley Aaron, Murat Tiryakioglu, Sheeshram Siddh, Keith Krenek, Alex Hoover, Joseph McGowan, Tejal Patwardhan, Summer Yue, Alexandr Wang, Dan Hendrycks
http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.14249v4